Agoraphobia
Agoraphobia is an anxiety disorder that causes an intense fear of becoming overwhelmed or unable to escape or get help. Because of fear and anxiety, people with agoraphobia often avoid new places and unfamiliar situations, like:
Large, open areas or enclosed spaces.
Crowds.
Places outside of their home.
Public transportation.
Researchers don’t know the exact cause of agoraphobia. However, it’s often associated with an existing panic disorder. Panic disorder causes short, intense attacks of fear for no particular reason. About a third of people who have panic disorder develop agoraphobia. But agoraphobia also can occur alone.
Symptoms
Everyone experiences anxiety sometimes. But an anxiety disorder causes excessive worry that affects daily activities. Agoraphobia can make you feel extreme fear and stress, which may cause you to avoid situations. The signs of agoraphobia are similar to a panic attack. You may experience the following symptoms when you’re in situations or spaces that cause fear:
• Chest pain or rapid heart rate.
• Fear or a shaky feeling.
• Hyperventilation or trouble breathing.
• Lightheadedness or dizziness.
• Sudden chills or flushing (red, hot face).
• Excessive sweating (hyperhidrosis).
• Upset stomach.
Treatment Options
Psychotherapy
A therapist can help you work through your fears. Using cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), a mental healthcare provider can help you recognize thoughts that cause you anxiety. Then, you’ll learn ways to react more productively.
Using relaxation and desensitization techniques, your provider may have you imagine a scary situation and manage the feelings. Eventually, you’ll be able to take part in activities that produce anxiety, and you’ll know how to manage your emotions. Over time, therapy can train your brain to think and respond differently.
Medications
Your healthcare provider also may suggest medications called selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) or serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs). These medications can treat depression and anxiety disorders.
Lifestyle changes
The following lifestyle changes may also help you manage agoraphobia:
• Avoid alcohol, caffeine and other substances.
• Eat a healthy, well-balanced diet.
• Exercise regularly.
• Practice breathing exercises.